Formulate the Multi-Objective Optimization Problem

Using Pyomo or Gurobi, formulate a multi-objective optimization problem. Define decision variables for BESS capacity, power ratings, location selection, and hourly dispatch. Establish objective functions to minimize total cost (CAPEX + OPEX), minimize unserved energy, and potentially incorporate an 'environmental impact' score (e.g., based on land use and proximity to sensitive areas). Crucially, incorporate constraints derived from grid limits, BESS operational characteristics (SoC, charge/discharge rates), and regulatory requirements (e.g., maximum capacity per site, minimum setback distances).